Ibisubizo byo Gusana no Gusana Imihanda

I. Gushyira mu byiciro ibidukikije n'ibintu bifatika

II. Ikoranabuhanga n'ubuhanga by'ingenzi

1. Ikoranabuhanga ryo kubungabunga umutekano

● Urupapuro rwo gufunga igihu (Igipfundikizo cy'igihu)

i.Tekiniki: koresha ibikoresho bipima umuvuduko mwinshi mu gutera asphalt ya emulsified cyangwa asphalt rejuvenation agent (igipimo cya 0.8-1.2kg/m²), funga imiyoboro mito y'umuhanda, kandi usubize ubukana bwa asphalt.

ii. Ingaruka: Gutinda gusaza mu gihe cy'imyaka 5-8, ikiguzi ni 1/5-1/3 gusa yo gusya no kongera gusana.

● Udupira duto two hejuru

i. Ibikoresho: Asphalt yahinduwe na polymer + aggregate (3-5mm) + filler, ubugari bwa mm 5-10. ii.

ii. Gukoresha: Gusana imiyoboro y'amazi (ubujyakuzimu ≤15mm), kunoza uburyo bwo guhangana n'imiyoboro y'amazi, bifunguye ku muhanda amasaha 2 nyuma yo kubaka.

● Gushyiramo uduce duto

i.Ibikoresho: Ifu ya silikoni ifunga, kole ya asphalt ikoze mu rubber (ubushyuhe -20℃ kugeza 70℃).

ii.Ubuhanga: gusukura imyanya (guhuha umwuka ufunze) → gushyushya urukuta rw'umuyoboro → ifunga ry'amazi → gukonjesha.

2. Ikoranabuhanga ryo kubungabunga ibintu bishya

Gusana ubushyuhe bukabije

● Gushyuha cyane ku rubuga:

Shyushya inzira ishaje (100-130℃) → kuraho → ongeramo ikintu cyo kongera kuvugurura → kongera gusiga no kuzunguruka.

Akamaro: Gukoresha ibikoresho by'umwimerere 100%, kurinda ibidukikije no gukora neza cyane, bikwiye mu gusana indwara buri gihe.

● Guhindura imikorere y’ingufu zivanze n’uruganda:

Ibikoresho bishaje bijyanwa mu ruganda bivanze n'ibikoresho bishya (igipimo cy'ibikoresho bishya ≤ 30%), bikoreshwa mu buso cyangwa ku mizi y'ibyatsi.

Gusana Ibikoresho Bikonje

● Ibikoresho: Uruvange rwa asphalt rukonje rwarangiye (rufite inyongeramusaruro, rushobora gukorwa kuri - 10℃ kugeza 40℃).

● Urugero: gusana byihutirwa, kubaka mu gihe cy'itumba, nta bikoresho bishyushya, bishobora gufungurwa kugira ngo abantu bashobore kugenda nyuma yo gukuba.

3. Ikoranabuhanga ryo kubungabunga inyubako

● Gukomeza imigozi yo ku muhanda

Uburyo: gucukura imyobo igana ku gice cy'umuhanda gitera indwara (urugero: urufatiro rworoshye, umwobo) → guteramo sima cyangwa polyurethane foam → kuzuza no gufunga.

Igenzura: Igereranya rya Geo-radar rikoreshwa mbere na nyuma yo gusya kugira ngo harebwe ko ubucucike burushaho kwiyongeraho ≥20%.

● INGANDA Z'AMASHANYARAZI (IVUGURURA RY'AMASHANYARAZI)

Bikenewe: imbaraga rusange z'umuhanda wa sima ushaje ntabwo zihagije kandi zigomba guhindurwamo umuhanda wa kaburimbo.

Uburyo: Imashini isya umutwe ifite inyundo nyinshi isya igisate cya kera mo uduce twa cm 3-10 → gusya no gushimangira → urwego rwo gushyiramo imbaraga mu gusya → urwego rwo hejuru rw'ubutaka.

● Akamaro: kubungabunga imiterere y'umuhanda wa mbere, kugabanya igihe cyo kubaka ho 50%, no kugabanya imyuka y'ubwubatsi.

4. Ikoranabuhanga ryo kubungabunga impanuka

ibikoresho byo gusana byihuse

● Sima ikomera vuba: imbaraga zigera kuri 20MPa mu isaha imwe, ikoreshwa mu gusana ibinogo n'ibisate byangiritse byihutirwa.

● Ibikoresho bya polymer bivanze: urugero: irangi rya MMA (methyl methacrylate), rikira mu minota 20, rikoreshwa mu gusana byihutirwa inzira z'indege zo ku kibuga cy'indege.

Sisitemu z'amazi z'agateganyo

● Amakamyo akoresha pompe zigendanwa (umuvuduko w'amazi ≥500m³/h) ashyirwa mu gihe cy'imvura nyinshi, ahuzwa n'imifuka y'umucanga kugira ngo afunge aho amazi ashobora kwangirika, kandi inzira isubizwa mu masaha 4.

III. Sisitemu y'ubuhanga mu gucunga imicungire y'ibikoresho

1. Ikoranabuhanga ryo gushakisha no gusuzuma

ibikoresho byo gupima bitangiza

● Radar Inyura mu Gitaka (GPR): Ipima ubugari bw'ibice, imyanda n'amazi biri ku muhanda ku buryo bungana na ± 5cm.

● Igikoresho cyo Kugabanya Imiterere cya Laser: Pima vuba IRI (International Leveling Index) hanyuma umenye ubwiza bw'umuhanda (IRI≤2.5m/km ni nziza cyane).

● Igikoresho cyo Kugwa kw'Ubujyakuzimu bw'Inyundo (FWD): Kumenya ubushobozi bw'inyubako y'umuhanda, no kuyobora ibyemezo byo kubungabunga inyubako.

Urubuga rw'isuzumabumenyi rwifashishije ikoranabuhanga

● ishyiraho "inyandiko z'ubuzima" mu mihanda, igasesengura uko indwara zigenda zitera binyuze muri algorithme za AI, kandi igashyiraho urutonde rw'ibintu by'ingenzi mu kubungabunga (urugero, gushyira imbere ibice by'imihanda hifashishijwe RQI (ikimenyetso cy'ubwiza bw'umuhanda)

2. Gutegura no gukurikirana ibintu mu buryo bw'ubwenge

Gucunga GPS ku modoka zisana

● Gukurikirana aho ibikoresho biherereye n'inzira bikorera kugira ngo birusheho kunoza gahunda y'inzira (urugero: iyo ibikoresho byinshi bikorana, intera iri hagati ya metero 5-8).

Sisitemu yo Gukurikirana Iri Hasi

● Gushyira mu bikorwa ibyuma bipima ubushyuhe n'ibikoresho byo gupima mu nzira mu biraro by'ingenzi no mu tuneli, hamwe n'imyanzuro yikora ku makuru adasanzwe (urugero: igipimo cyo kwaguka kw'imikurire > 0.2mm / ukwezi).

3. Inkunga mu gufata ibyemezo bya Big Data

Sesengura amakuru y’amateka yo kubungabunga no gushyiraho uburyo bwo guhuza “Indwara - Imiterere y’ikirere - Urugendo rw’imodoka”, urugero:

● Mbere y'igihe cy'imvura, shyira imbaraga mu kugenzura uburyo amazi akoreshwa mu bice by'imihanda bishobora gutera amazi;

● Gupima uburyo bwo kwirinda inzira mu bice by'imodoka nyinshi.

IV. Kurengera ibidukikije n'ibikorwa birambye

1. Gukoresha ibikoresho mu buryo bwo kongera gukoresha

● Igipimo cyo kongera gukoresha asphalt ishaje ni ≥95%, kandi ibikoresho byongeye gukoreshwa bikoreshwa mu butaka cyangwa ku butaka bw'umuhanda buciriritse;

● Imyanda ya sima itunganywa mu buryo bwo kongera gukoreshwa (igipimo cy'ikoreshwa ≥80%), ikoreshwa mu mihanda y'agateganyo cyangwa imihanda ya pariki.

2. Guteza imbere ibikorwa byo kugabanya karubone

● Ongera igipimo cy'ubwubatsi bwa asphalt bushyushye kugeza ku kigero kirenze 30%, ugabanye imyuka ya CO₂ ku kigero cya 20kg/toni ya asphalt;

● Ibikoresho byo gusana amashanyarazi (urugero: ibyuma bikoresha amashanyarazi, imashini zisukura) bisimbura buhoro buhoro ibikoresho bya lisansi, bigagabanya urusaku ho 10-15dB.

3. Kuvugurura ibidukikije

● Gutunganya imiturire bikoresha sima y'ibimera (harimo imbuto z'ibyatsi n'ibikoresho bifata amazi), hamwe n'igipimo cya 90% cy'ubwikorezi mu mezi 6;

● Gerageza gukoresha ibimera bihangana n'amapfa (urugero: Sedum) kugira ngo bigerweho hagati, bigabanye amazi yo kuhira ku kigero kirenga 50%.

V. Ingero za gahunda zisanzwe zo kubungabunga

1. Gahunda yo kubungabunga imihanda minini

● Imiterere y'umuhanda ikurikizwa: Nyuma y'imyaka 5-8 umuhanda utangiye gukoreshwa, nta ndwara z'imiterere y'umuhanda, imiturire mito no gusaza.

● Porogaramu:

i. Kuzuza no gufunga imiyoboro ku murongo wose (ku miyoboro ifite ubugari >3mm). ii;

ii.Ubuso buto bw'umuhanda w'imodoka (ubugari bwa mm 8), urwego rwo kuziba ibihu biremereye. iii;

Gupima igihe: Inshuro 1 mu mwaka, imyaka 3 yikurikiranya, ikiguzi cyose cyagabanutseho 40% ugereranije no kuvura nyuma yo kurwara.

2. Gusana byihutirwa imihanda ikomeye yo mu mijyi

● Ishusho: Umwobo wabonetse mu gitondo cya kare (ubujyakuzimu bwa cm 15, ubuso bwa cm 10), ugomba gusanwa mu masaha 6.

● gahunda:

i. Kata ikinogo (cyaguke ugishyire mu ishusho isanzwe) → sukura imyanda yangiritse. ii;

ii. Gushyiramo imvange y'aside ikonje yo gupakira (gufatana mu byiciro bibiri, buri gice gifite ubugari bwa ≤7cm);

iii.Gusasa amabuye kugira ngo wirinde ko amapine afunga no gushyiraho ibimenyetso by'agateganyo mbere yo gufungura inzira.

3. Gusana imihanda yo mu cyaro ku giciro gito

● ikoranabuhanga:

● ikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya "Ibumba ry'ibyatsi n'igifuniko cya asphalt cya Emulsified" kugira ngo yuzuze urwego rw'ibyatsi mbere y'igihe cy'imvura buri mwaka;

● gukangurira abaturage kwitabira igenzura rya buri munsi no gutanga raporo ku ndwara iyo ari yo yose vuba (uburyo bwo gushishikariza).

VI. Ibipimo byo gusuzuma uburyo ibidukikije bikoreshwa mu kubungabunga

Incamake

Uburyo bwo gusana no gusana imihanda butuma habaho impinduka kuva ku “gusana bidakora” kugera ku “gukumira ibikorwa” binyuze mu micungire yose y’ “gusuzuma neza - gufata ibyemezo bya siyansi - gushyira mu bikorwa neza - kongera gukoresha ibikoresho”. “kugeza ku “gukumira ibikorwa”. Icyerekezo cy’iterambere ry’ejo hazaza cyibanda ku bwenge (gutahura indwara za “AI”, imashini zitagira abapilote), ibidukikije (ibikoresho byasubijwemo byose, inzira nke zikoresha karubone) no kongera imbaraga (guteganya gahunda y’ubufatanye bwa serivisi nyinshi), amaherezo hagashyirwa mu bikorwa uburyo bwiza bwo gusana no kubungabunga no kongera agaciro k’umutungo w’imihanda.