Mayankho Okonza ndi Kukonza Misewu

I. Kugawa Malo Osungirako ndi Zochitika Zoyenera

II. Ukadaulo ndi njira zofunika

1. Ukadaulo wosamalira zodzitetezera

● Chisindikizo cha chifunga (Chisindikizo cha chifunga)

Njira: Gwiritsani ntchito zida zopopera mphamvu kwambiri popopera phula lopangidwa ndi emulsified kapena phula lokonzanso (mlingo wa 0.8-1.2kg/m²), kutseka ming'alu yaying'ono ya msewu, ndikubwezeretsa kukhuthala kwa phula.

ii. Zotsatira zake: Kuchedwetsa kukalamba kwa zaka 5-8, mtengo wake ndi 1/5-1/3 yokha ya kugaya ndi kukonzanso.

● Kuphimba Pamwamba Pang'ono

i. Zipangizo: Asphalt yosinthidwa ndi polymer + aggregate (3-5mm) + filler, makulidwe 5-10mm. ii.

ii. Kugwiritsa Ntchito: Kukonza njira yolumikizira (kuya ≤15mm), kuwongolera kukana kwa kutsetsereka, kutsegula magalimoto maola awiri mutamanga.

● Kudzaza Ming'alu

i. Zipangizo: Chotsekera cha silicone, guluu wa phula wopangidwa ndi rabara (kutentha -20℃ mpaka 70℃).

ii. Njira: yeretsani ming'alu (kupopera mpweya mokakamizidwa) → Kutenthetsa khoma la mlatho → chosindikizira chodzaza → kuumba koziziritsira.

2. Ukadaulo wokonza zinthu

Kukonza kutentha kwa thupi

● Kubwezeretsa kutentha pamalopo:

Tenthetsani msewu wakale (100-130℃) → tulutsani → onjezerani chobwezeretsa → konzanso ndi kuzunguliza.

Ubwino: Kugwiritsa ntchito 100% zinthu zoyambirira zoyendera panjira, kuteteza chilengedwe komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, koyenera kukonza matenda mosalekeza.

● Kukonzanso kotentha kosakanikirana ndi fakitale:

Zipangizo zakale zimanyamulidwa kubwerera ku fakitale ndikusakanizidwa ndi zatsopano (chiŵerengero cha zinthu zobwezeretsedwanso ≤ 30%), zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba kapena pamlingo wa mizu ya udzu.

Kukonza Zigamba Zozizira

● Zipangizo: Chisakanizo cha phula chomalizidwa chozizira (chokhala ndi zowonjezera, chingapangidwe pa - 10℃ mpaka 40℃).

● Chitsanzo: kukonza mwadzidzidzi, kumanga m'nyengo yozizira, popanda zipangizo zotenthetsera, zitha kutsegulidwa kuti magalimoto azitha kuyenda bwino pambuyo popanikizidwa.

3. Ukadaulo wokonza kapangidwe ka nyumba

● Kulimbitsa makoma a misewu

Njira: bowolani mabowo ku gawo la matenda a roadbed (monga maziko ofewa, dzenje) → ikani slurry ya simenti kapena thovu la polyurethane → dzazani ndi kutseka.

Kuyang'anira: Kuyerekeza kwa geo-radar kumagwiritsidwa ntchito musanagwiritse ntchito komanso mutagwiritsa ntchito grouting kuti zitsimikizire kuti kukhuthala kwawonjezeka ndi ≥20%.

● KUGWIRA NTCHITO MWA MITUNDU (KUSINTHA MITUNDU)

Zoyenera: mphamvu yonse ya msewu wakale wa simenti sikokwanira ndipo ikufunika kusinthidwa kukhala msewu wa phula.

Njira: Chotsukira mutu cha nyundo zambiri chimaphwanya slab yakale kukhala tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta 3-10cm → kuphwanya ndi kukhazikika → gawo loyamwa la kupsinjika kwa paving → gawo la pamwamba pa phula.

● Ubwino: kusunga kapangidwe koyambirira ka msewu, kufupikitsa nthawi yomanga ndi 50%, ndikuchepetsa kutulutsa zinyalala zomanga.

4. Ukadaulo Wokonza Zadzidzidzi

zinthu zokonza mwachangu

● Simenti yolimba mwachangu: mphamvu imafika 20MPa mu ola limodzi, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mabowo ndi mbale yosweka mwadzidzidzi.

● Zipangizo zopangidwa ndi polima: mwachitsanzo, chophimba cha MMA (methyl methacrylate), chouma mu mphindi 20, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza mwadzidzidzi misewu ya ndege.

Makina otulutsira madzi kwakanthawi

● Magalimoto onyamula mapampu oyenda (kuchuluka kwa madzi ≥500m³/h) amayikidwa nthawi yamvula yambiri, pamodzi ndi matumba a mchenga kuti atseke malo omwe madzi amalowa mosavuta, ndipo njira yolowera imabwezeretsedwa mkati mwa maola anayi.

III. Njira yosamalira zinthu mwanzeru

1. Ukadaulo wozindikira ndi kuwunika

zida zoyesera zosawononga

● Radar Yolowera Pansi (GPR): imazindikira makulidwe, malo opanda kanthu, ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi pa roadbed molondola wa ±5cm.

● Chida Choyezera Ma Level cha Laser: Yesani IRI mwachangu (International Leveling Index) ndikuzindikira momwe msewu umayendera (IRI≤2.5m/km ndi yabwino kwambiri).

● Chida Chogwera cha Hammer Pinding Depth (FWD): Dziwani mphamvu ya kapangidwe ka msewu, ndikuwongolera zisankho zosamalira kapangidwe kake.

Nsanja yowunikira ya digito

● imakhazikitsa "zolemba zaumoyo" za misewu, imasanthula momwe matenda akukulira kudzera mu ma algorithms a AI, ndipo imapanga mndandanda wa zinthu zofunika kwambiri pakukonza (monga, kuyika patsogolo magawo a misewu ndi RQI (chiwerengero cha khalidwe loyendetsa msewu)

2. Kukonza ndi Kuyang'anira Mwanzeru

Kuyang'anira GPS kwa magalimoto okonza

● Kutsata malo a zida nthawi yeniyeni komanso njira yogwirira ntchito kuti akonze bwino njira yokonzekera (monga pamene ma pavers angapo akugwira ntchito limodzi, mtunda umayendetsedwa pa 5-8m).

Dongosolo Lowunikira Patali

● Kuyika ma strain gauges ndi ma inclination sensors m'ma key bridges ndi ma tunnels, ndi ma alarm odziyimira pawokha kuti aone ngati pali deta yolakwika (monga kuchuluka kwa ming'alu > 0.2mm / mwezi).

3. Chithandizo cha zisankho za Big data

Unikani deta yakale yosamalira ndikukhazikitsa chitsanzo cha "Matenda - Nyengo - Magalimoto", mwachitsanzo:

● Nyengo yamvula isanayambe, yang'anani kwambiri pakuyang'ana njira zotulutsira madzi m'magawo a misewu omwe madzi amalowa mosavuta;

● Kuyesa kukana kuyenda kwa magalimoto m'malo odzaza magalimoto ambiri.

IV. Kuteteza Chilengedwe ndi Machitidwe Okhazikika

1. Kubwezeretsanso zinthu

● Kuchuluka kwa phula lakale lomwe limagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi ≥95%, ndipo zinthu zomwe zagwiritsidwanso ntchito zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthaka yonyowa kapena yapansi panthaka;

● Zinyalala za konkriti zimakonzedwa kukhala zinthu zobwezerezedwanso (chiwerengero cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ≥80%), zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamisewu yakanthawi kapena misewu yopakidwa magalimoto.

2. Kulimbikitsa njira yochepetsera mpweya woipa

● Wonjezerani kuchuluka kwa kapangidwe ka phula losakanikirana ndi kutentha mpaka kupitirira 30%, kuchepetsa mpweya wa CO₂ ndi pafupifupi 20kg/tani ya phula;

● Zipangizo zokonzera magetsi (monga ma rollers amagetsi, zotsukira) zimalowa m'malo mwa zida zamafuta pang'onopang'ono, kuchepetsa phokoso ndi 10-15dB.

3. Kubwezeretsa zachilengedwe

● Kukonza malo otsetsereka kumagwiritsa ntchito konkriti yomera (kuphatikizapo mbewu za udzu ndi chosungira madzi), ndi chiŵerengero cha 90% mkati mwa miyezi 6;

● Gwiritsani ntchito zomera zomwe zimapirira chilala (monga Sedum) kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pogawa pakati, zomwe zimachepetsa madzi othirira ndi oposa 50%.

V. Zitsanzo za mapulogalamu osamalira nthawi zonse

1. Phukusi loteteza misewu ikuluikulu

● Mikhalidwe yoyenera ya msewu: Patatha zaka 5-8 kuchokera pamene msewu waukulu unayamba kugwira ntchito, palibe matenda opangidwa ndi kapangidwe ka msewu, ming'alu yaying'ono ndi kukalamba.

● Pulogalamu:

i. Kudzaza ndi kutseka ming'alu yonse pamzere wonse (pa ming'alu yokhala ndi m'lifupi >3mm). ii;

ii. Malo osungiramo zinthu (makulidwe 8mm), otchingira chifunga cha phewa lolimba. iii;

Kuchuluka kwa nthawi: kamodzi pachaka, zaka zitatu motsatizana, ndalama zonse zimachepetsedwa ndi 40% poyerekeza ndi kuchira pambuyo pa matenda.

2. Kukonza Mwadzidzidzi Misewu Yaikulu Ya Mizinda

● Chitsanzo: dzenje lomwe lapezeka m'mawa kwambiri (kuya kwa 15cm, malo 10㎡), liyenera kukonzedwa mkati mwa maola 6.

● pulogalamu:

i. Dulani dzenje (likulitseni kuti likhale loyenera) → yeretsani zinyalala zotayirira. ii;

ii. Sakanizani chisakanizo cha phula chozizira (chopindika m'magawo awiri, makulidwe a gawo lililonse ≤7cm);

iii. Kufalitsa miyala kuti isamamatire mawilo ndi kuyika zizindikiro zochenjeza kwakanthawi musanatsegule magalimoto.

3. Kukonza misewu yakumidzi kotsika mtengo

● ukadaulo:

● imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa “Matanthwe ophikira matope + chivundikiro cha phula chopangidwa ndi Emulsified” kuti idzaze gawo losanjikiza mvula isanayambe chaka chilichonse;

● kulimbikitsa anthu akumudzi kuti achite nawo kafukufuku wa tsiku ndi tsiku ndikupereka lipoti la matenda aliwonse mwachangu (njira yolimbikitsira).

VI. Zizindikiro zowunikira momwe kusunga zachilengedwe kumagwirira ntchito

Chidule

Njira yokonza ndi kukonza misewu imasintha kuchoka pa "kukonza kosachitapo kanthu" kupita ku "kupewa mwachangu" kudzera mu kayendetsedwe ka unyolo wonse wa "kupeza molondola - chisankho chasayansi - kukhazikitsa bwino - kubwezeretsanso". "kupita ku "kupewa mwachangu". Njira yotsogola ya chitukuko imayang'ana kwambiri pa luntha (kuzindikira matenda a AI, makina okonza osayendetsedwa ndi anthu), kubiriwira (zipangizo zobwezerezedwanso kwathunthu, njira zochepetsera mpweya) ndi kukulitsa (kukonzekera kogwirizana kwa mautumiki ambiri), pamapeto pake kuzindikira kugawa bwino kwa zinthu zosamalira ndikusunga ndikuwonjezera mtengo wa katundu wa misewu.