Ngā Otinga Tiaki me te Whakatikatika Rori

I. Te Whakarōpūtanga Tiaki Taiao me ngā Horopaki e Pā Ana

II. Ngā hangarau me ngā tikanga matua

1. Hangarau tiaki ārai

● Paparanga hiri kohu (Hiri Kohu)

i. Tikanga: whakamahia he taputapu pēhanga teitei hei rehu i te uku kua whakaemuhia, i te kaihoko whakaora uku rānei (inenga 0.8-1.2kg/m²), katihia ngā kapiti moroiti o te papa, me te whakahoki mai i te matotoru o te uku.

ii. Pānga: Ka whakaroa i te koroheketanga mō te 5-8 tau, ko te utu he 1/5-1/3 noa iho o te mira me te whakahou i te mata.

● Papa-iti

i. Rauemi: Parakipere kua whakarerekētia te whakarewa + tākai (3-5mm) + whakakī, matotoru 5-10mm. ii.

ii. Whakamahinga: Whakatika i te arai (hōhonutanga ≤15mm), whakapai ake i te ātete ki te paheke, tuwhera ki te waka i roto i ngā haora e 2 i muri i te hanganga.

● Te Whakakī Kapiti

Rauemi: Hiripiri silicone, piripiri uku rapa (pāmahana -20℃ ki te 70℃).

ii. Tikanga: horoia ngā kapiti (pupuhi hau pēhi) → whakamahana i te pakitara awaawa → whakakī i te hiri → whakamatao i te tauira.

2. Hangarau tiaki whakatikatika

Te whakatikatika i te whakahoutanga wera

● Te whakahoutanga wera i te papaanga:

Whakamahanahia te ara tawhito (100-130℃) → hūtia kia wetekina → tāpirihia he matū whakaora → whakatakoto anō i te ara, kātahi ka hurihia.

Painga: 100% te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi papa taketake, he tiaki taiao, he tino whai hua hoki, he pai mō te whakatika tonu i ngā mate.

● Whakahoutanga wera whakaranu wheketere:

Ka whakahokia te rauemi tawhito ki te wheketere, ka konatunatua ki te rauemi hou (ko te ōwehenga o te rauemi kua hangaia anō ≤ 30%), ka whakamahia ki te paparanga mata, ki te taumata pūtake rānei.

Te Whakatika i te Pātaka Makariri

● Ngā Rauemi: Ranunga uku kua oti te hanga i te papa matao (me ngā tāpiringa, ka taea te hanga i te - 10℃ ki te 40℃).

● Horopaki: whakatikatika ohorere, hanganga hotoke, kāore he taputapu whakamahana, ka taea te whakatuwhera ki ngā waka i muri i te whakakīkī.

3. Hangarau tiaki hanganga

● Whakakaha i te whakapūmau i te papa rori

Tukanga: keria he kōhao ki te paparanga mate o te rori (hei tauira, he turanga ngohengohe, he kōhao) → werohia he paru sima, he pahuka polyurethane rānei → whakakīia, ka whakakīkī.

Tirotiro: Ka whakamahia te whakatairite geo-radar i mua me muri i te whakatō ki te grout hei whakarite kia pai ake te kiato mā te ≥20%.

● TE ARA O NGĀ PARURU (TE WHAKAHOU O NGĀ PARURU)

E tika ana: kāore i te rawaka te kaha whānui o te papa raima sima tawhito, me huri ki te papa uku.

Tukanga: Ka kuruhia te pereti tawhito e te kuru pane hama maha-hama kia 3-10cm te matotoru → kuru me te whakau → paparanga mimiti ahotea papa → paparanga mata uku.

● Painga: te tiaki i te hanganga rori taketake, te whakapoto i te wā hanga mā te 50%, me te whakaiti i te tukunga o ngā para hanga.

4. Hangarau Tiaki Āwhati

rauemi whakatikatika tere

● Sima whakapakeke tere: ka eke te kaha ki te 20MPa i roto i te 1 hāora, e whakamahia ana mō te whakatika ohorere o ngā poka me ngā pereti pakaru.

● Ngā rauemi hiato polymer: hei tauira, he paninga MMA (methyl methacrylate), ka whakamaroke i roto i te 20 meneti, ka whakamahia mō te whakatikatika ohorere o ngā ara rere o te taunga rererangi.

Ngā pūnaha waikeri rangitahi

● Ka whakamahia ngā taraka papu nekeneke (tere rere ≥500m³/h) i te wā ua nui, me ngā putea onepu hei hiri i ngā wāhi wai-kore, ā, ka whakahokia te urunga ki roto i ngā haora e 4.

III. Pūnaha whakahaere tiaki atamai

1. Hangarau kimi me te aromatawai

ngā taputapu whakamātautau kore-whakangaro

● Te Radar Whakauru Whenua (GPR): ka kitea te matotoru o ngā paparanga, ngā āputa me te nui o te wai o te papa rori me te tika o te ±5cm.

● Taputapu Whakataurite Taiaho: Ine tere i te IRI (International Leveling Index) me te whakatau i te kounga taraiwa o te mata o te rori (he tino pai te IRI≤2.5m/km).

● Taputapu Hōhonu Piko Hāma Hinga (FWD): Whakatauhia te kaha pupuri hanganga o te papa, me te ārahi i ngā whakatau tiaki hanganga.

Pūhara aromatawai mamati

● whakatū i ngā "rēkoata hauora" o te rori, tātari i ngā au whanaketanga mate mā roto i ngā rauropi AI, ā, whakaputa aunoa i tētahi rārangi o ngā kaupapa matua tiaki (hei tauira, te whakarite i ngā wāhanga rori me te RQI (taurangi kounga taraiwa mata rori)

2. Te Whakaritenga me te Aroturukitanga Maamaa

Whakahaere GPS mō ngā waka tiaki

● Te aroturuki i te wāhi o ngā taputapu me te ara mahi i te wā tūturu hei whakapai ake i te whakamahere huarahi (hei tauira, ina mahi tahi ana ngā papa maha, ka whakahaeretia te tawhiti i te 5-8m).

Pūnaha Aroturuki Mamao

● Te whakatinanatanga o ngā ine totoro me ngā pūoko piko i roto i ngā piriti me ngā kauhanga matua, me ngā whakaoho aunoa mō ngā raraunga rerekē (hei tauira, te tere whānui o te pakaru > 0.2mm / marama).

3. Tautoko whakatau raraunga nui

Tātarihia ngā raraunga tiaki tawhito, ā, whakatūria he tauira hononga "Mate - Āhuarangi - Waka", hei tauira:

● I mua i te wā ua, kia arotahi ki te tirotiro i te pūnaha waikeri o ngā wāhanga rori e pāngia ana e te wai;

● Whakamātautau ātete whakamuna i ngā wāhanga waka taumaha.

IV. Te Tiaki Taiao me ngā Mahi Tauwhiro

1. Te hangarua rauemi

● Ko te tere hangarua o te uku tawhito he ≥95%, ā, ko te rauemi hangarua ka whakamahia mō te paparanga mata rori taumata-pūtake, paparanga mata rori iti rānei;

● Ka tukatukahia ngā para raima hei konganuku hangarua (te auau whakamahinga ≥80%), ka whakamahia mō ngā huarahi rangitahi, mō ngā rori pāka rānei.

2. Te whakatairanga i ngā tukanga waro-iti

● Whakanuia te ōwehenga o te hanganga uku mahana ki te neke atu i te 30%, me te whakaiti i te tukunga CO₂ mā te tata ki te 20kg/tana uku;

● Ka whakakapia haeretia ngā taputapu tiaki hiko (hei tauira, ngā roera hiko, ngā mīhini horoi) e ngā taputapu wahie, ka whakaitihia te haruru mā te 10-15dB.

3. Whakaora taiao

● Ko te tiaki paripari he whakamahi i te raima tipu (tae atu ki te purapura tarutaru me te mea pupuri wai), me te 90% o te reiti kapinga i roto i ngā marama e 6;

● tangohia ngā tipu e ātete ana ki te tauraki (hei tauira, Sedum) hei whakawehenga pokapū, ka whakaitihia te wai whakamakuku mā te neke atu i te 50%.

V. Ngā tauira o ngā kaupapa tiaki noa

1. Te kete tiaki ārai mō ngā huarahi tere

● Ngā āhuatanga o te rori e tika ana: 5-8 tau i muri i te whakatūnga o te huarahi, kāore he mate hanganga i runga i te mata o te rori, he paku pakaru, he tawhito hoki.

● Kaupapa:

i. Te whakakī me te hiri i ngā kapiti i te rārangi katoa (mō ngā kapiti he whānui >3mm). ii;

ii. Mata iti o te ara waka (matotoru 8mm), paparanga hiri kohu pakihiwi mārō. iii;

Te auau: Kotahi te wā i te tau, e 3 tau karapīpiti, ka heke te utu katoa mā te 40% ki te whakataurite ki te whakaora i muri i te mate.

2. Te Whakatikatika Āwhati o ngā Rori Matua o te Tāone

● Horopaki: i kitea he poka i te atatu (15cm te hohonu, 10㎡ te horahanga), me whakatika i roto i ngā haora e 6.

● hōtaka:

i. Tapahia te poka (whakawhānuihia kia rite ki te āhua) → horoia ngā paru. ii;

ii. Whakatakotoria te ranunga uku matao (whakakīkītia kia rua ngā paparanga, ko te matotoru o ia paparanga he ≤7cm);

iii. Te hora i ngā maramara kōhatu hei ārai i te piri o ngā wira, me te whakatakoto i ngā tohu whakatūpato rangitahi i mua i te whakatuwheratanga ki ngā waka.

3. Te tiaki iti i ngā rori tuawhenua

● hangarau:

● e whakamahi ana i te hangarau "Kirikiri e whakakoi ana i te paru + Uhi uku kua whakaemuhia" hei whakakī i te paparanga pakaru i mua i te wā ua i ia tau;

● whakaohokia ngā tāngata o te kāinga kia whai wāhi atu ki ngā tirotiro o ia rā, kia tere hoki te ripoata i ngā mate katoa (tikanga whakatenatena).

VI. Ngā tohu mō te aromatawai i te whai huatanga o te tiaki taiao

Whakarāpopototanga

Mā te otinga tiaki me te whakatika rori ka kitea te panoni mai i te "whakatikatika kore mahi" ki te "ārai kaha" mā te whakahaere mekameka katoa o te "kitenga tika - whakatau pūtaiao - whakatinanatanga whai hua - hangarua". "ki te "ārai kaha". Ko te aronga whanaketanga ā muri ake nei e arotahi ana ki te matauranga (te tautuhi mate AI, ngā mīhini tiaki kore tangata), te whakatipu matomato (ngā rauemi hangarua katoa, ngā tukanga waro-iti) me te whakanui ake (te whakaritenga mahi tahi maha-ratonga), ā, i te mutunga ka kitea te tohatoha pai o ngā rauemi tiaki me te tiaki me te whakanui ake i te uara o ngā rawa rori.